一、化學(xué)吸收系統(tǒng)故障

1、 Chemical absorption system malfunction

（一）吸收劑失效

（1） Absorbent failure

在沼氣脫硫的化學(xué)吸收系統(tǒng)中，吸收劑失效是常見問題。判斷吸收劑是否需要再生，有著明確的標(biāo)準：

In the chemical absorption system of biogas desulfurization, the failure of absorbent is a common problem. There are clear criteria for determining whether the absorbent needs to be regenerated:

氧化鐵作為吸收劑時，當(dāng)硫容超過 30wt%，可采用曝氣再生的方法，曝氣時長為 4 小時；

When iron oxide is used as an absorbent, when the sulfur content exceeds 30wt%, the method of aeration regeneration can be used, with an aeration duration of 4 hours;

對于 NaOH 溶液，若其 pH 值低于 8.5，就需要補加濃度為 20% 的新液；

For NaOH solution, if its pH value is below 8.5, a new solution with a concentration of 20% needs to be added;

活性炭作為吸收劑，一旦穿透硫量大于 15mg/g，則需要通過 350℃的熱再生方式恢復(fù)其活性 。

Activated carbon, as an absorbent, needs to be restored to its activity through thermal regeneration at 350 ℃ once its sulfur penetration exceeds 15mg/g.

（二）設(shè)備腐蝕

（2） Equipment corrosion

設(shè)備腐蝕同樣影響著化學(xué)吸收系統(tǒng)的正常運行。為此，制定了一套全面的防護方案：

Equipment corrosion also affects the normal operation of chemical absorption systems. For this purpose, a comprehensive protection plan has been developed:

采用厚度不小于 3mm 的玻璃鋼內(nèi)襯，增強設(shè)備的防腐蝕能力；

Adopting fiberglass lining with a thickness of not less than 3mm to enhance the corrosion resistance of the equipment;

對于關(guān)鍵部件，選用 316L 不銹鋼材質(zhì)，提升其耐腐蝕性；

For key components, 316L stainless steel material is selected to enhance their corrosion resistance;

安裝陰極保護系統(tǒng)，并將電位控制在 - 0.85V，有效降低設(shè)備被腐蝕的風(fēng)險。

Install cathodic protection system and control the potential at -0.85V to effectively reduce the risk of equipment corrosion.

二、工藝控制問題

2、 Process control issues

（一）硫泡沫處理困難

（1） Difficulty in handling sulfur foam

硫泡沫處理困難會阻礙沼氣脫硫系統(tǒng)的高效運行。為解決這一問題，可采取以下優(yōu)化措施：

The difficulty of sulfur foam treatment will hinder the efficient operation of biogas desulfurization system. To solve this problem, the following optimization measures can be taken:

添加 50ppm 的有機硅類消泡劑，減少泡沫產(chǎn)生；

Add 50ppm silicone defoamer to reduce foam generation;

改進浮選裝置，采用溶氣氣浮工藝，提高硫泡沫分離效率；

Improve flotation device and adopt dissolved air flotation process to improve sulfur foam separation efficiency;

安裝自動排硫系統(tǒng)，通過液位聯(lián)動實現(xiàn)硫泡沫的自動排出，提升處理自動化程度。

Install an automatic sulfur removal system to realize the automatic discharge of sulfur foam through liquid level linkage and improve the degree of processing automation.

（二）尾氣 H2S 超標(biāo)

（2） Excessive H2S in exhaust gas

當(dāng)尾氣中 H2S 出現(xiàn)超標(biāo)情況時，需及時采取應(yīng)急處理措施：

When H2S exceeds the standard in the exhaust gas, emergency measures should be taken in a timely manner:

迅速啟動備用吸收塔，增加吸收處理能力；

Quickly activate the backup absorption tower to increase absorption processing capacity;

將循環(huán)量加大 30%，增強對 H2S 的吸收效果；

Increase the circulation by 30% to enhance the absorption effect of H2S;

對在線分析儀進行檢查，校準零點，確保檢測數(shù)據(jù)的準確性，以便更好地控制脫硫過程。

Inspect the online analyzer, calibrate the zero point, and ensure the accuracy of the detection data to better control the desulfurization process.

三、運行維護要點

3、 Key points of operation and maintenance

（一）日常監(jiān)測項目

（1） Daily monitoring items

日常監(jiān)測是保障沼氣脫硫系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行的重要環(huán)節(jié)，各參數(shù)有著嚴格的控制范圍與檢測頻率：

Daily monitoring is an important part of ensuring the stable operation of the biogas desulfurization system, and each parameter has strict control range and detection frequency:

入口 H2S 濃度需實時監(jiān)測，控制在小于 5000ppm；

The concentration of H2S at the inlet needs to be monitored in real-time and controlled below 5000ppm;

出口 H2S 濃度每小時檢測一次，確保其低于 20ppm；

The H2S concentration at the outlet should be detected once every hour to ensure that it is below 20ppm;

系統(tǒng)壓差每班檢測一次，要求小于 15kPa。

The system pressure difference should be checked once per shift, with a requirement of less than 15kPa.

（二）關(guān)鍵設(shè)備維護

（2） Key equipment maintenance

關(guān)鍵設(shè)備的維護關(guān)乎系統(tǒng)的長期穩(wěn)定運行：

The maintenance of critical equipment is crucial for the long-term stable operation of the system

洗滌塔：每月檢查填料，保證破損率低于 5%；每個季度清洗噴頭，確保其流量偏差不超過 3%。

Washing tower: Check the packing every month to ensure that the damage rate is below 5%; Clean the nozzle every quarter to ensure that its flow deviation does not exceed 3%.

再生槽：每周檢測氧化還原電位（ORP），需維持在 + 100mV 以上；每半年更換曝氣管，當(dāng)曝氣管通量下降超過 15% 時，及時進行更換 。

Regeneration tank: Check the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) weekly and maintain it above+100mV; Replace the aeration tube every six months, and promptly replace it when the aeration tube flux decreases by more than 15%.

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