沼氣脫硫/潛水泵在日常運(yùn)行中難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種問題，為了延長(zhǎng)其使用壽命，保證潛水泵及關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行，每年至少要對(duì)潛水泵及其控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行一次全面維護(hù)保養(yǎng)。今天我們來了解下影響潛水泵運(yùn)行的一些主要因素、潛水泵日常維護(hù)保養(yǎng)要點(diǎn)以及常見故障和排除方法。
Biogas desulfurization / submersible pump will inevitably encounter various problems in daily operation. In order to prolong its service life and ensure the normal operation of submersible pump and related systems, the submersible pump and its control system shall be fully maintained at least once a year. Today, let's learn about some main factors affecting the operation of submersible pump, the key points of daily maintenance of submersible pump, as well as common faults and troubleshooting methods.
1、影響潛水泵運(yùn)行的主要因素
1. Main factors affecting the operation of submersible pump
一般情況下，影響潛水泵正常運(yùn)行的主要因素有以下幾點(diǎn)：
In general, the main factors affecting the normal operation of submersible pumps are as follows:
1. 漏電問題。潛水泵，顧名思義，是機(jī)泵一體沒入水中工作的，所以漏電問題是影響潛水泵正常運(yùn)行的重要因素之一。
1. Leakage. Submersible pump, as the name suggests, is a machine pump integrated into the water, so the leakage problem is one of the important factors affecting the normal operation of submersible pump.
2. 堵轉(zhuǎn)。潛水泵堵轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，定子繞組上將產(chǎn)生 5～7 倍于正常滿載電流的堵轉(zhuǎn)電流，若無相應(yīng)保護(hù)措施，潛水泵很快會(huì)燒毀。造成潛水泵堵轉(zhuǎn)的原因很多，如葉輪卡住、機(jī)械密封碎片卡軸、污物纏繞等。
2. Locked rotor. When the submersible pump is locked up, the stator winding will produce a locked up current of 5 ~ 7 times the normal full load current. If there are no corresponding protective measures, the submersible pump will soon burn down. There are many reasons for the locked rotor of submersible pump, such as impeller jamming, mechanical seal debris jamming shaft, dirt winding and so on.
3. 電源電壓過低或頻率太低。
3. The power supply voltage is too low or the frequency is too low.
4. 磨損和銹蝕。磨損將大大降低電泵性能，流量、揚(yáng)程及效率均隨之降低，葉輪與泵蓋銹住了還將引起堵轉(zhuǎn)。潛水泵零件的銹蝕不僅會(huì)影響水泵的性能，而且會(huì)縮短使用壽命。
4. Wear and corrosion. Wear will greatly reduce the performance of the electric pump, reduce the flow, head and efficiency, and cause locked rotor if the impeller and pump cover are rusted. The corrosion of submersible pump parts will not only affect the performance of the pump, but also shorten the service life.
5. 電纜線破裂、折斷。電纜線破裂、折斷不僅容易造成觸電事故，而且水泵運(yùn)行時(shí)極有可能處于兩相工作的狀態(tài)，既不出水又易損壞電動(dòng)機(jī)。
5. The cable is broken or broken. The breaking and breaking of the cable is not only easy to cause electric shock accidents, but also the water pump is likely to be in the state of two-phase operation when it is running, which will not produce water and is easy to damage the motor.
2、潛水泵使用前準(zhǔn)備工作
2. Preparation of submersible pump before use
1. 檢查電纜線有無破裂、折斷現(xiàn)象。使用前既要觀察電纜線的外觀，又要用萬用表或兆歐表檢查電纜線是否通路。電纜出線處不得有漏油現(xiàn)象。
1. Check whether the cable is broken or broken. Before use, not only observe the appearance of the cable, but also check whether the cable is connected with a multimeter or megger. There shall be no oil leakage at the cable outlet.
2. 新泵使用前或長(zhǎng)期放置的備用泵啟動(dòng)之前，應(yīng)用兆歐表測(cè)量定子對(duì)外殼的絕緣不低于1兆歐姆，否則應(yīng)對(duì)電機(jī)繞組進(jìn)行烘干處理提高絕緣等級(jí)。
2. Before the new pump is used or the standby pump placed for a long time is started, the insulation between the stator and the shell shall be measured with a megohmmeter, which shall not be less than 1 megohm. Otherwise, the motor winding shall be dried to improve the insulation grade.
3. 檢查潛水電泵是否漏油。潛水電泵的可能漏油途徑有電纜接線處、密封室加油螺釘處的密封及密封處O形封環(huán)。檢查時(shí)要確定是否真漏油。造成加油螺釘處漏油的原因是螺釘沒旋緊，或是螺釘下面的耐油橡膠襯墊損壞。如果確定O形封環(huán)密封處漏油，則多是因?yàn)镺形封環(huán)密封失效，此時(shí)需拆開電泵換掉密封環(huán)。
3. Check whether the submersible pump leaks oil. The possible oil leakage ways of submersible pump include cable wiring, sealing at the oil filling screw of the sealing chamber and O-ring at the sealing place. Check whether there is oil leakage. The reason for oil leakage at the refueling screw is that the screw is not tightened or the oil resistant rubber gasket under the screw is damaged. If it is determined that there is oil leakage at the O-ring seal, it is mostly because the O-ring seal fails. At this time, it is necessary to disassemble the electric pump and replace the seal ring.
4. 長(zhǎng)期停用的潛水電泵再次使用前，應(yīng)盤動(dòng)葉輪后再行啟動(dòng)，防止部件銹死啟動(dòng)不出水而燒壞電動(dòng)機(jī)繞組。
4. Before the submersible pump that has been out of service for a long time is used again, the impeller shall be turned before starting to prevent the parts from rusting and the motor winding from being burnt out due to no water.
3、潛水泵運(yùn)行中的注意事項(xiàng)
3. Precautions during operation of submersible pump
1. 潛污泵在無水的情況下試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間嚴(yán)禁超過額定時(shí)間。吸水池的容積能保證潛污泵開啟時(shí)和運(yùn)行中水位較高，以確保電機(jī)的冷卻效果和避免因水位波動(dòng)太大造成的頻繁啟動(dòng)和停機(jī)，大中型潛污泵的頻繁啟動(dòng)對(duì)泵的性能影響很大。
1. When the submersible sewage pump is tested without water, the operation time shall not exceed the rated time. The volume of the suction tank can ensure that the water level is high when the submersible sewage pump is started and in operation, so as to ensure the cooling effect of the motor and avoid frequent startup and shutdown caused by too large water level fluctuation. The frequent startup of large and medium-sized submersible sewage pumps has a great impact on the performance of the pump.
2. 當(dāng)濕度傳感器或溫度傳感器發(fā)出報(bào)警時(shí)，或泵體運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)振動(dòng)、噪聲出現(xiàn)異常時(shí)；或輸出水量水壓下降、電能消耗顯著上升時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即對(duì)潛污泵停機(jī)進(jìn)行檢修。
2. When the humidity sensor or temperature sensor gives an alarm, or when the vibration and noise of the pump body are abnormal during operation; When the water pressure of the pump increases or decreases significantly, the sewage output should be stopped immediately.
3. 有些密封不好的潛水泵長(zhǎng)期浸泡在水中時(shí)，即使不使用，絕緣值也會(huì)逐漸下降，終無法投用，甚至在比連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的潛污泵在水中的工作時(shí)間還短的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生絕緣消失現(xiàn)象。因此潛水泵在吸水池內(nèi)備用有時(shí)起不到備用的作用，如果條件許可，可以在池外干式備用，等運(yùn)行中的某臺(tái)潛水泵出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，立即停機(jī)提升上來后，將備用泵再放下去。
3. When some submersible pumps with poor sealing are immersed in water for a long time, even if they are not used, the insulation value will gradually decline, and finally they can not be put into use, and even the insulation disappears in a shorter time than the working time of continuous running submersible sewage pump in water. Therefore, the submersible pump can not be used for standby in the suction pool sometimes. If conditions permit, it can be used for dry standby outside the pool. When a submersible pump in operation fails, it shall be shut down immediately, lifted up, and then put down the standby pump.
4. 潛水泵不能過于頻繁開、停，否則將影響潛水泵的使用壽命。潛水泵停止時(shí)，管路內(nèi)的水產(chǎn)生回流，此時(shí)立即再啟動(dòng)則引起電泵啟動(dòng)時(shí)的負(fù)載過重，并承受不必要的沖擊載荷；另外，潛水泵過于頻繁開、停將損壞承受沖擊能力較差的零部件，并帶來整個(gè)電泵的損壞。
4. The submersible pump cannot be started and stopped too frequently, otherwise the service life of the submersible pump will be affected. When the submersible pump stops, the water in the pipeline will return. If it is restarted immediately, the load of the electric pump will be too heavy and bear unnecessary impact load; In addition, too frequent start and stop of submersible pump will damage the parts with poor impact resistance and damage the whole electric pump.
5. 停機(jī)后，在電機(jī)完全停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)前，不能重新啟動(dòng)。
5. After shutdown, the motor cannot be restarted before it completely stops running.
6. 檢查電泵時(shí)必須切斷電源。
6. Cut off the power supply when checking the electric pump.
7. 潛水泵工作時(shí)，不要在附近洗滌物品、游泳或放牲畜下水，以免電泵漏電時(shí)發(fā)生觸電事故。
7. When the submersible pump is working, do not wash articles, swim or put livestock into the water nearby, so as to avoid electric shock accident in case of electric leakage of the electric pump.
4、潛水泵的維護(hù)和保養(yǎng)
4. Maintenance of submersible pump
1. 經(jīng)常加油，定期換油。潛水電泵每工作1000小時(shí)，必須調(diào)換一次密封的油，每年調(diào)換一次電機(jī)內(nèi)部的油液。對(duì)充水式潛水泵還需定期更換上下端蓋、軸承室內(nèi)的骨架油封和鋰基潤(rùn)滑油，確保良好的潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)。對(duì)帶有機(jī)械密封的小型潛水電泵，必須經(jīng)常打開密封室加油螺孔加滿潤(rùn)滑油，使機(jī)械密封處于良好的潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)，使其工作壽命得到充分保證。
1. Refuel regularly and change the oil regularly. The sealing oil of submersible electric pump must be changed every 1000 hours, and the oil inside the motor must be changed once a year. For the water filled submersible pump, it is also necessary to regularly replace the upper and lower covers, the framework oil seal and lithium base lubricating oil in the bearing chamber to ensure good lubrication. For the small submersible pump with mechanical seal, the oil filling screw hole in the sealing chamber must be often opened and filled with lubricating oil, so that the mechanical seal is in a good lubricating state and its working life can be fully guaranteed.
2. 及時(shí)更換密封盒。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)漏入電泵內(nèi)部的水較多時(shí)(正常泄漏量為0.1mL/h)，應(yīng)及時(shí)更換密封盒，同時(shí)測(cè)量電機(jī)繞組的絕緣電阻值。若絕緣電阻值低于0.5兆歐時(shí)，需進(jìn)行干燥處理，方法與一般電動(dòng)機(jī)的繞組干燥處理相同。更換密封盒時(shí)應(yīng)注意外徑及軸孔中O形封環(huán)的完整性，否則水會(huì)大量漏人潛水泵的內(nèi)部而損壞電機(jī)繞組。
2. Replace the sealing box in time. If more water is found leaking into the electric pump (the normal leakage is 0.1ml/h), replace the sealing box in time and measure the insulation resistance of the motor winding at the same time. If the insulation resistance value is lower than 0.5 megohm, it needs to be dried in the same way as the winding drying of general motors. When replacing the sealing box, pay attention to the outer diameter and the integrity of the O-ring in the shaft hole, otherwise a large amount of water will leak into the interior of the submersible pump and damage the motor winding.
3. 經(jīng)常測(cè)量絕緣電阻值。用 500V 或 1000V 的兆歐表測(cè)量電泵定子繞組對(duì)機(jī)殼的絕緣電阻數(shù)值，在1兆歐以上者(低不得小于0.5兆歐)方可使用，否則應(yīng)進(jìn)行繞組維修或干燥處理，以確保使用安全性。
3. Measure the insulation resistance frequently. Use a 500V or 1000V megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance of the stator winding of the electric pump to the casing. Only those above 1 megohm (at least not less than 0.5 megohm) can be used. Otherwise, the winding shall be repaired or dried to ensure the safety of use.
4. 合理保管。長(zhǎng)期不用時(shí)，潛水排污泵不宜長(zhǎng)期浸泡在水中，應(yīng)在于燥通風(fēng)的室內(nèi)保管。潛水泵的橡膠電纜保管時(shí)要避免太陽光的照射，否則容易老化，表面將產(chǎn)生裂紋，嚴(yán)重時(shí)將引起絕緣電阻的降低或使水通過電纜護(hù)套進(jìn)入潛水泵的出線盒，造成電源線的相間短路或繞組對(duì)地絕緣電阻為零等嚴(yán)重后果。
4. Reasonable storage. When not in use for a long time, the submersible sewage pump should not be immersed in water for a long time, but should be kept in a dry and ventilated room. The rubber cable of the submersible pump shall be kept away from sunlight, otherwise it is easy to age and cracks will appear on the surface. In serious cases, it will reduce the insulation resistance or make water enter the outlet box of the submersible pump through the cable sheath, resulting in serious consequences such as phase-to-phase short circuit of the power line or zero insulation resistance of the winding to the ground.
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2022-03-04
